{"id":239,"date":"2026-07-06T16:25:23","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T16:25:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\/index.php\/2026\/07\/06\/genetica-oncologica-y-cancer-hereditario-que-es-un-estudio-genetico-brca1-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-07T13:47:07","modified_gmt":"2026-07-07T13:47:07","slug":"genetica-oncologica-y-cancer-hereditario-que-es-un-estudio-genetico-brca1-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\/index.php\/2026\/07\/06\/genetica-oncologica-y-cancer-hereditario-que-es-un-estudio-genetico-brca1-2\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ncer hereditario y genes BRCA1\/2: qu\u00e9 es el estudio gen\u00e9tico"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>La mayor\u00eda de los c\u00e1nceres son espor\u00e1dicos, pero una parte se debe a variantes hereditarias que aumentan el riesgo. La gen\u00e9tica oncol\u00f3gica estudia estas variantes para ayudar en la prevenci\u00f3n, el diagn\u00f3stico y el tratamiento.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfQu\u00e9 son BRCA1 y BRCA2?<\/h2>\n<p>Son genes que ayudan a reparar el ADN. Heredar una variante da\u00f1ina en BRCA1 o BRCA2 aumenta el riesgo de varios tipos de c\u00e1ncer \u2014sobre todo de mama y de ovario, pero tambi\u00e9n de pr\u00f3stata y de p\u00e1ncreas\u2014. Se heredan de forma autos\u00f3mica dominante (50% de probabilidad de transmisi\u00f3n a cada hijo o hija), con una penetrancia variable.<\/p>\n<h2>Algunos datos (de fuentes verificables)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Seg\u00fan el Instituto Nacional del C\u00e1ncer de EE. UU. (NCI), m\u00e1s del 60% de las mujeres con una variante da\u00f1ina en BRCA1\/2 desarrollan c\u00e1ncer de mama a lo largo de su vida.<\/li>\n<li>El riesgo de c\u00e1ncer de ovario se estima en alrededor del 40% para BRCA1 y del 18% para BRCA2.<\/li>\n<li>Aproximadamente el 7% de los c\u00e1nceres de mama y entre el 11% y el 15% de los de ovario se asocian a predisposici\u00f3n hereditaria (NCI). La ESMO estima variantes patog\u00e9nicas en cerca del 6% de las pacientes con c\u00e1ncer de mama y alrededor del 15% en el c\u00e1ncer de ovario de alto grado.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 sirve el estudio?<\/h2>\n<p>Identificar una variante hereditaria permite personalizar el tamizaje y las medidas de prevenci\u00f3n, orientar decisiones de tratamiento (por ejemplo, el uso de inhibidores de PARP en casos seleccionados) y ofrecer estudio a familiares que tambi\u00e9n podr\u00edan tener la variante.<\/p>\n<h2>Germinal frente a tumoral<\/h2>\n<p>El estudio germinal (en sangre o saliva) eval\u00faa el riesgo heredado; el estudio som\u00e1tico o tumoral analiza el tumor para guiar el tratamiento. Son complementarios.<\/p>\n<h2>Importante<\/h2>\n<p>Estos estudios deben acompa\u00f1arse de asesoramiento gen\u00e9tico, para el consentimiento informado, la interpretaci\u00f3n de los resultados y la toma de decisiones. Su indicaci\u00f3n se basa en criterios cl\u00ednicos y en los antecedentes personales o familiares.<\/p>\n<h3>Fuentes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/genetics\/brca-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">NCI \u2014 BRCA Gene Changes: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/pdq\/information-summaries\/genetics\/brca-genes-hp-pdq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">NCI \u2014 BRCA1 and BRCA2 (PDQ)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.annalsofoncology.org\/article\/S0923-7534(22)04193-X\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ESMO \u2014 Gu\u00eda de pr\u00e1ctica cl\u00ednica en c\u00e1ncer hereditario de mama y ovario<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>Este contenido tiene fines informativos y educativos y no reemplaza la consulta con un profesional de la salud. La indicaci\u00f3n e interpretaci\u00f3n de cualquier estudio debe realizarla un profesional.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>En <strong>Biogen Paraguay<\/strong> realizamos estudios gen\u00e9ticos y de laboratorio con acompa\u00f1amiento profesional. M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\">biogen.com.py<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los genes BRCA1\/2 ayudan a reparar el ADN; heredar una variante da\u00f1ina aumenta el riesgo de c\u00e1ncer. Datos del NCI y ESMO, para qu\u00e9 sirve el estudio y sus l\u00edmites.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=239"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":246,"href":"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239\/revisions\/246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biogen.com.py\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}